Method and apparatus for securing work pieces



Jan. 17, 1956 K. BECHTOLD 2,730,737

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING WORK PIECES Filed July 17. 1951 Fig.1

/9 m m ki 7 WI][Illllllllllllllllllllllllll% m vaw ran X4 RL 8868 TOLD Jy 67M Arr-Malay United States Patent NIETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING WORK PIECES Karl Bechtold, Hamm, Germany Application July 17, 1951, Serial No. 237,135

Claims priority, application Germany July 20, 1950 Claims. (Cl. 26-15) The invention relates to a method for securing work pieces on a support; moreover, it relates to a device for the performance of this method.

Work pieces have been hitherto secured on a support by screws, wedges and similar mechanical means. This manner of securing the articles to be worked is, however, often jeopardized because the articles or work pieces do not possess a sufiicient rigidity to be firmly grasped by these fastening means.

It is the main object of the invention to secure a firm hold of any type of a work piece on a support and independently upon their material properties, such as their rigidity.

It is a further important object of the invention to entirely dispose of mechanical securing means, such as screws and the like.

In compliance with these objects the mounting of the work pieces on their supports is effected by applying a freezable liquid between and to the same and producing the desired fine coherence by freezing the liquid. If water is used a thin layer of ice is created between the article and its support which layer forms a firm hold of the article.

The performance of this invention will now be described more in detail.

The article to be treated or worked is moistened with water and pressed on a suitably shaped support to produce a thorough uniform contact. During or after the completion of this pressure adjustment the water is frozen. The articles adhere to the support with a surprising force resulting from the thin layer of ice created between the article and its support.

The water may be replaced by any other freezable fluid.

For a timely extended treatment it is advisable to continue the cold production until the Working of the article is finished and to thereby prevent premature defrosting.

In conformity with the characteristics of the individual articles the exertion of cold may originate in or on the work pieces or articles; however, in the majority of the cases the cold will be transmitted from the supports to the freezing liquid.

The cold is produced by a customary refrigerating plant and the freezing of the liquid binder layer is either produced by direct cooling of the freezing medium or by indirect cold supply through a cooling medium. Conditions may, of course, arise where additional fastening of the articles by mechanical means is considered advisable.

This may be particularly so, if the article at the start of the work must be held in the fastening position, until proper coherence is established by freezing or to prevent premature separation of the same by defrosting.

The articles are separated from the supports by defrosting; in certain cases a tearing-off may be permissible. Thin articles may be eventually removed by scraping.

These releasing methods may be combined.

'ice

The invention is particularly advantageously applicable to hides.

In the processing of hides for the recovery of the hair, which is used in the manufacture of felt or for spinning purposes, it is important to separate the hair from the skin section of the hides in a possibly economical manner, to eliminate losses of hair and to prevent the inclusion of skin particles in the hair.

Moreover, it is important that the hairs are recovered as a so-called fleece in such a manner that during the cutting and hereafter a displacement of the hairs is eliminated and the hairs are preserved in their original position. The hitherto used methods and devices have the disadvantage that the hair section of the hides is more or less injured or entirely destroyed or that the hair contains skin particles. Moreover, the devices hitherto used for the separation of the hair and the skin are extremely complicated, expensive and not economical.

It is an object of the invention to eliminate these disadvantages typically occurring in the recovery of the hair from the hides.

With this object in view the skins are located on a rotatable drum, moistened and frozen onto the same as previously described; the skin is now tightly and uniformly held on the drum, which is sufficiently cooled from the inside so that the skins are solidly held on the same. The skins are at the commencement of the operation pressed onto the drum by mechanical means, whereby the skins are simultaneously stretched. They freeze onto the drum and solidly remain on the same during the entire treatment and removal of the hairs.

The skins are charged successively onto the drum and take part in their rotation; they first pass roller brushes rotated in the same or in an opposite direction as the drum and thereupon plucking rollers adjusted in. conformity with certain portions of the hides. These plucking rollers remove projecting hairs. Hereupon the hides are conducted through a clipping device composed of a rotatable and a stationary cutter, which clips the hair. Finally the hides are conducted along a rotatable cutter strip, which shaves the hair from the hides; the skin section still connected with the drum is further taken along by the same.

The hairs which are free of skin particles pass as a fleece over a cutter.

The skin is now separated from the drum by defrosting and eventually removed with a scraper.

The invention will now be described more in detail and with reference to the attached drawing, showing a preferred embodiment thereof.

In the drawing,

Figure 1 is a side view of the device, partly in section, used in conformity with this invention, and

Figure 2 is a plan view of a part thereof.

The device comprises a drum 1 which is rotated by driving means 2. The drum constitutes the evaporator of a refrigerating plant and is connected with the compressor 5 and condensator 5 thereof by injector conduit 3 and exhaust conduit 3. A control valve 4 is located in the conduit 3 for the refrigerator connecting condensator 5 and the interior of drum 1. A hide: 6 is located on drum 1 and secured in this position by freezing, as previously described.

A roller brush 7, a plucking roller 8 and a band cutter 9 are located in operative reach of the drum 1.

The above described installation replaces the hitherto customary manual work used for the working of the skins realizing simultaneously the following advantages. The hairs are recovered without pieces of skin being en 0 tangled therein; the hairs roll off the cutter as a fleece,

which facilitates their commercial evaluation; the felting Otherwise needed for their later treatment is entirely avoidedrthe cutting of thehair takes place practically without losses, since an exact separation of the hair and the skin is enabled; finally the skin is recovered in a fully preserved state.

Since certain changes in carrying out the above process could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above desc'ription or shown in the accompanying drawing shall support.

2. A device for securing workpieces and particularly hides in a workable position comprising a rotatable drum to support the hide, a freezable liquid entered between said drum and said hide and means to cool said freezable liquidto its freezing point, whereby said hide is solidly fastened upon said drum.

3. A device for securing workpieces and particularly hides in a workable position comprising a rotatable drum to support the hide, a freezable liquid entered between said drum and said hide and a refrigeration plant connected with the interior of said drum to cool said freezable liquid to its freezing point, whereby said hide is solidly anchored upon said drum.

4. A device for securing workpieces and particularly hides in a workable position comprising a rotatable drum to support the hide, a freezable liquid entered between said drum and said hide and a refrigeration plant connected with the interior of said drurn to cool said freezable liquid to its freezing point, whereby said hide is solidly anchored upon said drum and a roller brush and a plucking roller located for cooperation with said drum.

5. A device for securing workpieces and particularly hides in a workable position comprising a rotatable drum to support the hide, a freezable liquid entered between said drum and said hide and a refrigeration plant connected with the interior of said drum to cool said freezable liquid to its freezing point, whereby said hide is solidly anchored upon said drum and an endless cutter located forcooperation with said drum.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,164,751 Roberts Dec. 21, 1915 2,046,963 Nelson July 7, 1936 2,109,425 Hurxthal Feb. 22, 1938 2,479,440 Wagner Aug. 16,1949 

